$diffraction limit equation$

$diffraction limit equation$

DIFFRACTION LIMIT EQUATION VERIFICATION

$diffraction limit equation$

The diffraction of light beams by the straight edge makes it possible to determine the direction of the energy flow in beams with optical vortices. The diffraction of Gaussian beams with the optical vorticity by the straight edge leads to the appearance of polarization singularities caused by the longitudinal and transverse components of the electric field of the diffracted beam. Optical vortices arise if a beam without optical vorticity diffracts The diffraction of polarized radiation by a straight edge made it possible to determine the dependence of the diffraction pattern on the sign of the circular polarization, and also to demonstrate the vortex character of the longitudinal component of the circularly polarized radiation. New effects can be observed under the light diffraction by a straight edge. For focused Laguerre–Gaussian beams, the longitudinal focal shift increases with increasing focal length but decreases with increasing waist diameter. The displacement of the focus is directed toward the aperture of the light beam and depends on the Fresnel number. In addition to the transverse, a longitudinal shift from the position of the geometric focus is possible for apertured radially symmetric beams. For the first time, the effect of spin-orbit interaction of light in focused beams was predicted and experimentally observed in a form of a transverse shift of the longitudinal field component at the focal plane when the sign of beam’s circular polarization was changed. The increased interest in the properties of converging light beams is associated with the effects of the spin-orbit interaction of light. The results can be used for precise determination of the beam waist position while investigating the effects of the light spin-orbit interaction in focused Gaussian beams.

DIFFRACTION LIMIT EQUATION VERIFICATION

Experimental verification has been obtained using a Gaussian beam focused by a lens of 4 cm focal length. The symmetry gets broken down as the edge moves along the optical axis toward or away from the lens at a distance more than 0.01% of the focal length. We have found symmetric penetration of the light energy into the shadow region if we placed the half-plane edge exactly in the beam waist region. We have solved numerically the Helmholtz equation using the spectral method. We have studied the far-field diffraction of a Gaussian beam by a half-plane edge placed near the beam waist. Similarly, the light beam diffraction can reveal new light particularities. The behavior of the light field near the beam waist has attracted considerable attention due to the studies of the light spin-orbit interaction: it’s manifestation as well as potential applications.

$diffraction limit equation$

Diffraction limit equation